Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument

Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument

Geology

Nature & Science

Nature & Science

The Alibates flint is more correctly called agatized dolomite, or silicified dolomite. Many archeologists also refer to it as Alibates chert because of it's striking colors. The colors in the flint are caused by trace mineral elements within the silica. The most common colors of red, orange and yellow are caused by iron; blues and deep greens are usually caused by manganese.

There are several theories as to how the flint formed within the dolomite. The most widely accepted theory is that about 670,000 years ago volcanic eruptions occurred in or around what is now called the Yellowstone Country of Wyoming. The resulting silica rich ash drifted upon and above the Permian era dolomite and as slightly acidic rainwater peculated through the ash the silica was able to go into solution. As it soaked into the much older dolomite, the calcium carbonate was washed out leaving the precipitate, silica dioxide (flint or chert), behind.